Terror as justice, justice as terror: counterterrorism and anti-Black racism in the United States

Decentralization as a disincentive for transnational terror ?

Using panel data for a maximum of 109 countries over the years 1976-2000, we empirically analyze the impact of decentralization on the occurrence of transnational terror. Taking account of the potential simultaneity between terror and decentralization, our results show that expenditure decentralization robustly reduces the number of terror events in a country, while political decentralization h...

Decentralization as a disincentive for terror

Consideration of anti-terrorism policy has focused almost exclusively on deterrence that seeks to fend off terrorism by raising the costs of undertaking terrorist acts. This paper suggests an alternative approach to anti-terrorism policy that is based on reducing the expected benefits of undertaking terrorist acts to prospective terrorists rather than raising the costs of doing so. Specifically...

Justice as a Virtue

In sub-subunit 1.4.2, it is made clear that for Aristotle a crucial precondition of virtue is that actions must be intentional. For Aristotle, voluntary action—or intention—is required if praise or blame is to be appropriate. Praise and blame are important in that they testify to that which is virtuous in the polis, which substantiates the virtues among the citizenry and subsequent generations ...

Compromise as Precise Justice

Justice as Fairness and Reciprocity

Because of the prominence it gives to motivation by reciprocity, John Rawls's theory of "justice as fairness" has been criticized for being insufficiently demanding with respect to our duties to the disabled and to people in other countries. Rawls's defenders have responded by downplaying reciprocity, emphasizing instead equal respect for persons as moral subjects as the foundation of the contr...